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The heat energy (enthalpy of evaporation) needed at 7 bar g to vaporize the water to steam is actually less than required at atmospheric pressure. According the table 720.94 kJ is required to raise 1 kg of water from 0 oC to saturation temperature 170 oC. More heat energy is required to raise its temperature to saturation point at 7 bar g than needed when the water is at atmospheric pressure. In a steam distribution system the pressure is always more than 0 bar gauge.Īt 7 bar g ( absolute 8 bar) the saturation temperature of water is 170.42 oC. Steam at atmospheric pressure is of a limited practical use because it cannot be conveyed by its own pressure along a steam pipe to the points of use. = 2675.43 kJ/kg Example - Boiling Water at 170 oC and 7 bar (700 kPa) Atmospheric Pressure The total specific enthalpy for steam at 0 bar gauge is: Therefore at 0 bar g ( absolute 1 bar) the specific enthalpy of vaporation is 2257.19 kJ/kg. Therefore the specific enthalpy of water at 0 bar g (absolute 1 bar ) and 100 oC is 417.51 kJ/kg.Īnother 2257.92 kJ of energy is required to evaporate 1 kg of water at 100 oC into 1 kg of steam at 100 oC. Vacuum steam is the general term used for saturated steam at temperatures below 100☌.Įxample - Boiling Water at 100 oC, 0 bar (100 kPa) Atmospheric PressureĪt atmospheric pressure (0 bar g, absolute 1 bar ) water boils at 100 oC and 417.51 kJ of energy is required to heat 1 kg of water from 0 oC to evaporating temperature 100 oC.Pressure - Bar Absoluteġ) 1 bar abs = 0 bar gauge = 100 kPa abs = atmospheric pressure 1 kg/l = 1 g/cm 3 = 1000 kg/m 3 = 62.Saturated Steam - Properties vs.Kilogram/cubic meter = gram/liter, kilogram/liter = gram/cubic centimeter = ton(metric)/cubic meter, once/gallon(US liquid) pound/cubic inch, pound/cubic foot, pound/gallon(UK), pound/gallon(US liquid), slug/cubic foot, ton(short)/cubic yard, ton(long)/cubic yard ĭensity of crude oil, Density of fuel oils, Density of lubricating oil and Density of jet fuel as function of temperature.ĭensity and specific weight of hydrogen at given temperatures and pressures:įor full table with Denity and Specific Weight - rotate the screen! Hydrogen - Density and Specific Weight vs. See also other properties of Hydrogen at varying temperature and pressure: Specific heat (Heat capacity) and Thermal conductivity, and Thermophysical properties at standard conditions, as well as density and specific weight o f acetone, air, ammonia, argon, benzene, butane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ethane, ethanol, ethylene, helium, methane, methanol, nitrogen, oxygen, pentane, propane, toluene and water. (this is 3% more than the below tabulated value of density at 125☏ and 725 psia.) Note! For pressure between 20 and 100 bara, the error may be up to 7% by using this approximation (higher error, the higher pressure).Įxample 1: Density of hydrogen at 5 bara and 24 ☌.Ĭalculator gives the density at 24 ☌ and 1 bara: 0.0815 ĭensity at 24☌ and 5 bara : 0.0815 * 5/1 = 0.408 Įxample 2: Density of hydrogen at 725 psia and 125 ☏.Ĭalculator gives the density at 125 ☏ and 14.5 psia: 0.00465 ĭensity at 125☏ and 725 psia : 0.00465 * 725/14.5 = 0.233 If pressure is given in psia, you have to multiply the density at 14.5 psia with the actual higher pressure (in psia) and divide by 14.5. Ĭhoose the actual unit of temperature: ☌ ☏ K °Rįor calculation of density at higher pressure (up to 100 bara / 1450 psia), a good approximation is to multiply the density at 1 bara with the actual, higher pressure (in bara). Specific weight is given as N/m 3 and lb f / ft 3. The output density is given as kg/m 3, lb/ft 3, lb/gal(US liq) and sl/ft 3. The calculator below can be used to estimate the density and specific weight of gaseous hydrogen at given temperature and atmospheric pressure (1 bara/14.5psia). Tabulated values of hydrogen density at given temperature and pressure (SI and Imperial units) as well as density units conversion are given below the figures. Where g = acceleration due to gravity, units typically and value on Earth usually given as 9.80665 or 32.17405
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Specific weight, γ, has units typically or is defined by the ratio of the weight to the volume of a substance: Density, ρ, has units typically or, and is defined by the ratio of the mass to the volume of a substance: